5-7 Functional brain mapping represents the most reliable tool for identifying and protecting eloquent brain tissue, including speech and motor tracts, during surgery. Currently, this technique is widely used in neurosurgery with applications including neuro-oncology, epilepsy surgery, and surgery of selective vascular lesions. ABBREVIATIONS 3D 3-dimensional DAQ data acquisition OR operating room PVA polyvinyl acetate VR virtual realityįunctional brain mapping was introduced over a century ago by innovators such as Horsley, Sherrington, Cushing, and Penfield, 1-4 and is based upon the principle of nerve conduction.
